Bitcoin transactions move value by consuming UTXOs and creating new outputs. Each input signs a transfer and unlocks previously unspent coins, while outputs lock value to new addresses under script rules. Nodes verify UTXO availability, script validity, and signature authenticity…

Bitcoin mining secures the network by performing continuous, competitive hashing to extend the blockchain. It relies on proof-of-work to make alterations costly and time-consuming. Miners invest energy and hardware to solve blocks, earning rewards and fees that align incentives with…